Rutgers Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Exam

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• The spleen is known for all of the following except:
• What does leukocytosis refer to?
• When the alleles of a gene pair are different, how are they described?
• What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?
• Blood pressure in the glomerulus is:
• What is the role of interferon in the human body?
• Which of the following is considered an agranulocyte?
• What is the term for the percentage of red blood cells (RBC) in a blood sample?
• What is the main purpose of mucus in the respiratory tract?
• From which areas do the lymph nodes of the axillary region primarily receive lymph?
• Which type of blood has no agglutinogen?
• Newborns are sometimes treated with fluorescent lights for what condition?
• What is the difference between innate defenses and adaptive defenses against infection?
• Nondisjunction affects chromosomes how?
• Where does fertilization usually occur?
• What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
• What is the average lifespan of a human red blood cell?
• Excessive bleeding from certain medications indicates a disruption in which process?
• Identification of blood types is primarily based on which aspect?
• What is the main digestive function of the liver?
• Which two substances are commonly used to dissolve blood clots?
• In an autoimmune disease, what is the immune response directed toward?
• Which statement is correct concerning granulocytes?
• The action of a hormone is primarily directed at what?
• Which of the following is considered the body's first line of defense?
• Endocrine glands secrete hormones into which of the following?
• What can result from a mismatch in blood transfusion related to blood types?
• Which vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole?
• What is the driving force for inspiration during breathing?
• What are foreign substances that trigger immune responses called?
• Why are X-linked genes expressed more frequently in males than in females?
• What is commonly associated with X-linked disorders?
• What is the term for a substance that can stimulate a primary immune response but cannot produce the symptoms of a disease?
• Aglutinogens of the various blood types are classified as what?
• What color is biliverdin, and what color is bilirubin?
• What agglutinogens are present in type AB blood?
• Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for sound production?
• Platelets tend to stick to which component in connective tissue?
• Which structure primarily regulates the flow of bile into the small intestine?
• What is the physiological role of serotonin released by platelets?
• What is a characteristic sign of edema?
• Which of the following does NOT describe erythrocytes?
• What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
• What type of immunity is provided by injections of gamma globulin?
• What is the outer membrane that encloses the heart called?
• Which of the following describes the stomach?
• What is the primary mechanism by which heparin prevents blood clotting?
• What structures comprise the lymphatic system?
• What is the term for a blood clot that breaks loose and travels in the blood flow?
• Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the respiratory system?
• What is the normal range for white blood cell count?
• What is an example of a homozygous gene pair?
• Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
• A lymphatic obstruction can lead to which of the following conditions?
• Which of the following describes the accumulation of proteins due to lymphatic obstruction?
• If the parent genotypes are Aa and Aa, what is the expected genotype frequency of their offspring?
• From which arteries does the myocardium receive blood?
• Why do patients with leukemia tend to bleed easily?
• Which part of the lymphatic system is primarily involved in filtering blood and producing lymphocytes?
• What initiates the extrinsic clotting mechanism?
• What is a common feature of human sperm and ova?
• What type of anemia is associated with a deficiency of dietary iron?
• Which type of genes are responsible for causing abnormal development and the death of an individual?
• What defines the viscosity of blood?
• What is the function of the gallbladder?
• What role do proteins play in tissue fluid dynamics during edema?
• Which aspect is the same for mature human spermatozoa and ova?
• When the alleles of a gene pair are identical, how are they classified?
• How many chromosomes do spermatids and ova contain?
• What type of digestion does the enzyme pepsin begin in the stomach?
• Which group do the antibodies involved in allergic reactions belong to?
• Which of the following is NOT a tissue response associated with inflammation?
• What type of immunity is acquired as a result of developing the disease?
• What is the process by which bleeding is stopped?
• What is the origin of the 46 chromosomes in a human zygote?
• What is the inheritance pattern of hemophilia?
• What happens to tissue fluid during a protein deficiency in the diet?
• What is the basic event in the transformation of a blood clot?
• What is the primary function of albumin in the blood?
• What is the role of lymphatic tissue?
• What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?
• What condition most often arises in Rh-negative mothers with a second Rh-positive fetus?
• What is the main difference between serum and plasma?
• What factor contributes to the accumulation of lymph?
• What hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation?
• What are the primary functions of lymph?
• What is the primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis called?
• Where are the atria of the heart located?
• What do T-cells primarily recognize in immune responses?
• Which epithelial tissue is found in the capillaries and alveoli?
• Which function is NOT associated with the lymphatic system?
• What primarily causes expiration in the respiratory system?
• What condition arises due to a lack of sufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin?
• What does cell-mediated immunity involve?
• Which hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
• Which hormone primarily stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?
• Which type of anemia is most likely caused by overexposure to ionizing radiation?
• What does a positive tuberculin skin test indicate?
• What substance do platelets release during the formation of a platelet plug?
• What are the main functions of the large intestine?
• What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
• What stimulates blood vessel spasms following an injury?
• What is one of the functions of beta globulins in plasma proteins?
• Which hormone is responsible for stimulating cells to increase in size and divide more frequently?
• What is the primary purpose of body fluids in the circulatory system?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
• Which of the following functions does not belong to lymphocytes?
• What hormone facilitates the transport of glucose across cell membranes?
• If the parent genotypes are AA and aa, what is the expected genotype of the offspring?
• What process is essential for the breakdown of old red blood cells?
• Which of the following best describes the pH of blood in the human body?
• Which of the following is a primary function of the small intestine?
• What is the name of the clinical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells?
• Which of the following substances is not necessary for the formation of a blood clot?
• How does a vaccine primarily produce its effects?
• What are homologous pairs of chromosomes?
• How are platelets best described?
• Which condition is caused by an increased blood concentration of deoxyhemoglobin?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
• ABO blood groups are based on the inheritance of which two antigens?
• What powerful anticoagulant is released by basophils and mast cells?
• Which component is essential for the clotting process in blood?
• When alleles of a gene pair are different, they are said to be:
• Which component of the blood is primarily responsible for immune responses?
• To avoid AIDS infection, healthcare workers should take which precaution?
• What distinguishes the spleen from lymph nodes?
• What role do T-cells play in the immune system?
• What condition might result from a severe deficiency in blood coagulation factors?
• What is normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample?
• What is the term used for the region of a lymph node through which blood vessels pass?
• What type of cells are primarily responsible for the immune response against cancer cells?
• How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
• How is genotype defined?
• Which of the following best describes the functions of the small intestines?
• How can erythroblastosis fetalis be prevented?
• Which statement correctly differentiates between an antigen and an antibody?
• How is tissue fluid different from lymph?
• What system returns excessive tissue fluid to venous circulation?
• How is most oxygen transported in the blood?
• What is the primary organ involved in the absorption of water?
• Which two major factors influence the development of individual characteristics?
• If a blood sample agglutinates with both anti-A and anti-B, what type of blood is it?
• Which chromosome determines the gender of a baby at fertilization?
• If lymphatic tissue is removed from the axillary region, what is likely to happen to the arm on that side?
• What is the primary reason for excessive bleeding when using aspirin and ibuprofen?
• Which component of the lymphatic system is primarily responsible for filtering lymph?
• Where does lymph rejoin the blood and become part of the plasma?
• Which leukocyte is primarily involved in fighting viral infections?
• Which immunoglobulin is the most common type found in the body?
• What type of immunity is conferred through vaccinations?
• How does a newborn infant gain some defense against digestive and respiratory disturbances?
• Which hormone released from the kidneys promotes the production of red blood cells (RBC)?
• In which condition do you see a lower than normal amount of platelets?
• What protein found in red blood cells is responsible for carrying oxygen?
• What is the term for the test that determines the percentage of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample?
• What genetic occurrence can lead to chromosome disorders?
• Which blood component is primarily responsible for the transport of oxygen?
• The formation of lymph increases due to which condition?
• The presence of which protein promotes the formation of testes?
• What is the primary function of secretions from the prostate gland?
• What type of blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting infections?
• What characteristic helps to identify the volume of blood present in an average human body?
• What is the main function of the scrotum?
• What is the primary function of white blood cells (WBCs)?
• What characterizes hemophilia?
• When is the chromosome number reduced by one-half during gametogenesis?
• Which layer of the uterus sloughs off on a monthly basis?
• Which type of white blood cell plays a crucial role in adaptive immunity?
• What color is oxyhemoglobin, and what color is deoxyhemoglobin?
• Which type of cells are the most active phagocytes found in circulating blood?
• What is the normal percentage of solids in a sample of human blood?
• As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, what happens to blood protein concentration?
• What condition is caused by the accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces?
• What mechanism is primarily responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?
• A gene that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is known as what?
• What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
• The patellar region is associated with which part of the body?
• What is the main function of the spleen in the body?
• Which type of white blood cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?
• Which of the following statements is NOT true about the sagittal plane?
• What condition results from an egg cell without an X chromosome being fertilized by an X-bearing sperm cell?
• What is the primary function of plasma cells?
• What type of immunity are T lymphocytes responsible for?
• Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for the allergic response?
• What is one major function of the stomach?
• What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
• What type of genetic inheritance would result in a child showing a trait if one parent carries only the recessive allele?
• Which blood type is not possible for a child with a mother of type AB and a father of type B?
• Which of the following is an example of a specific body defense mechanism?
• Which of the following organs are found in the ventral body cavity?
• What is the primary function of the spleen?
• Where is the thyroid gland located?
• What greenish pigment is formed when hemoglobin molecules are decomposed?
• What type of immunity is provided by antibodies in the plasma?
• What chemical compound is the precursor to all steroid hormones?
• Which component of bile is primarily responsible for fat emulsification?
• In order for a recessive trait to be expressed, what must a person inherit?
• Which type of immunity is derived from antibodies passed from mother to child during breastfeeding?
• What type of immunity involves the body producing specific antibodies against specific pathogens?
• What is the primary function of plasma proteins such as globulins?
• What does incomplete dominance refer to?
• What type of anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
• What is the normal temperature of blood in the human body?
• What type of digestion occurs mainly in the small intestine?
• Blood is classified as which type of tissue?
• The pancreas is classified as a gland that secretes which substance?
• Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
• What does thrombocytopenia indicate a deficiency of?
• What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?
• What is the relationship between the patellar and femoral regions?
• What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
• What term describes the contraction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow?
• What is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine?
• Which of the following components is found in plasma?
• Which formed element is responsible for releasing serotonin?
• What are the characteristics of mature red blood cells?
• Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
• How can the location of the kidneys be described?
• What is the body's major digestive organ?
• A transverse body plane divides the body into which of the following segments?
• What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
• Following the primary immune response, which cells give rise to memory cells?
• What structure is responsible for the maturation of sperm cells?
• Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolic rate through hormone secretion?
• Which of the following is a function of bile?
• What is the final step in the formation of a blood clot?
• Cytotoxic T cells primarily target which of the following?
• Which type of cells are primarily responsible for immune responses?
• Which type of white blood cell is most active as a phagocyte?
• What is a common treatment for patients with low platelet counts?
• Which plasma protein is the most abundant in the human body?
• What is the correct sequence for the development of red blood cells?
• Which of the following are physical characteristics of blood?
• Where do lymph nodes occur in groups throughout the body?
• What type of reaction occurs if an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive child without treatment?
• Which type of leukocyte is primarily involved in the allergic response?
• What is the number of pairs of autosomes in humans?
• Which of the following best describes lymph fluid?